graphene cathode materials

For lithium ion batteries, the cathode materials that can be used should meet the characteristics of large reversible capacity, high potential and stability, non-toxic and low production cost. At present, lithium iron phosphate is the most common cathode material for lithium ion batteries. However, LiFePO4 has poor electrical conductivity and low lithium ion mobility. If LiFePO4 material is combined with graphene, its conductivity and multiplier performance can be improved theoretically.

Due to the particularity of graphene materials, relatively little research has been done on the cathode graphene materials. Studies have shown that when graphene is directly coated on the surface of LiFePO4 by hydrothermal method, the multiplier performance of composite materials is not very good. The reason may be the stacking or destruction of graphene material structure.

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graphene

Introduction to the graphene materials
Graphene Oxide is a two-dimensional planar nanomaterial composed of carbon atoms with a hexagonal honeycomb lattice,the c-c bond length is 0.141nm, the theoretical density is about 0.77mg/m2, and the thickness is only about the diameter of a carbon atom. Carbon atoms participate in hybridization in the way of sp2, and electrons can smoothly conduct between layers, so graphene conducts electricity extremely well. It is the material with the smallest resistivity known, which is one of the reasons why graphene has a promising future in batteries.

Battery Graphene materials have excellent thermal conductivity, and their theoretical room temperature thermal conductivity of single layer is up to 3,000-5,000w/(m*K). This property can be used to study the heat dissipation during battery operation.It has excellent mechanical properties and is a material with excellent toughness and strength, which can be used to develop and study flexible electrode materials. In addition, the high specific surface area and high transmittance of graphene are also of great research value.
XIAMEN TOB NEW ENERGY is a technology company focused on the lithium battery equipment research and development and material improvement. We can provide high-quality products and the most professional technical services.

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water vapor permeation analyzer

Metalized Cast Polypropylene (CPP) Films CPP films are transparent cast polypropylene films designed to offer high performance, great appearance and easy converting for flexible packaging and other applications.

CPP films are also produced from a combination of various grades of PP polymer. CPP films are usually cheaper as the fixed investment is much lower than a BOPP line as the latter is biaxially oriented as compared to mono orientation of CPP films. Various constructions of CPP are available (multi layer options) which are used to cater to several applications in general packaging, as a sealant layer in conjunction with other plastic substrates for packaging of food products, twist wrap usage in candies, etc. Key characteristics of CPP films are:

High Clarity and Gloss

Higher seal strength

Good hot tack strength

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Battery Coating Machine

The Electrode Coating Machine is the key equipment for the production of lithium battery electrode. Because it directly affects the subsequent rolling operation, and even affects the performance of the entire battery. At present, the mainly lithium battery electrode coating process is: scraper type, roll to roll transfer coating type and a slit extrusion type. General speaking, laboratory equipment adopts the scraper type, the 3C battery adopts the roll to roll transfer coating type, and the power battery adopts the slit extrusion type.

Scraper coating: the foil substrate passes through the coating roller and directly contacts the slurry trough, and the excess slurry is coated on the foil substrate. The gap between the blade and the foil substrate determines the coating thickness, then the surface of the material forms a uniform coating.

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Lithium battery cathode material

The main components of lithium ion battery include cathode, cathode, electrolyte, membrane, etc. The storage and release of lithium ion energy is realized in the form of REDOX reaction of electrode materials, and the cathode active material is the most critical core material of lithium ion battery.
Professor GOODENOUGH, the father of lithium battery, has made a great contribution to the research of lithium battery cathode materials. In 1980, while working at the university of Oxford in the United Kingdom, he discovered that lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) could be used as a lithium cathode. In 1981, he mentioned the feasibility of lithium nickelate (LiNiO2, also known as LNO) as a cathode material in the LCO patent. In 1983, he made his first attempt to use lithium manganate (LMO) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. In 1997, he developed lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, or LFP), which is the cathode material of olivine structure. In addition, to solve the problem of unstable properties of lithium nickelate, a large amount of research has been conducted in the area of doping modification by Prof. DAHN from Canada and Prof. Sumika kosuki from Japan. In 1997, toda applied for the first patent of lini1-x-ycoxalyo2 (NCA). In 1999, liu zhaolin and yu aishui et al. from the university of Singapore introduced Mn modification on the basis of lithium ni-co (lini1-x-ycoxmnyo2, namely ternary material and NCM).

After nearly 30 years of rapid development, based on the above scientists research results. Lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt oxide (lini1-xcoxo2, also known as NC), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium iron phosphate and other cathode materials have been industrialized, and have been expanded for many fields. With the demand of high energy density cathode materials for new energy vehicles, the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate ternary material has become the most important cathode material with the largest proportion.

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PVDF binder

Introduction:
Polyvinylidene fluoride binder(PVDF) is currently the most commonly used oil binder in the lithium ion battery industry. It is a non-polar chain polymer binder. It is characterized by strong oxidation resistance, good thermal stability and easy dispersion. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is required as a solvent. This solvent has a high volatilization temperature, has a certain environmental pollution, and is expensive.
Obvious deficiencies include:
1) Young's modulus is relatively high, between 1-4GPa, the flexibility of the pole piece is not good enough;
2) When PVDF absorbs water, the molecular weight decreases and the viscosity becomes poor, so the humidity requirement for the environment is relatively high;

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1.  Do not install the Desktop Light Fastness Test Chamber unit near other heavy machinery.

2.  Avoid unnecessary pausing during running of test as repeated switching off/on of unit will reduce the lifetime of the Desktop Light Fastness Tester's Xenon lamp.

3. Use “RST” key to stop machine mid-test. Do not switch off unit directly as this will reduce the lifetime of the Xenon lamp.

AVENO  Machine  Recommend:

AC03 Desktop Light Fastness Tester

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laboratory vacuum drying oven

The vacuum drying oven is designed for drying heat sensitive, easily decomposable and easily oxidizable materials. It can be filled with an inert gas, which can make some ingredients with complex ingredients dry quickly.
Scope of application:
High Temperature Vacuum drying ovens are widely used in research and application fields such as biochemistry, chemical pharmacy, medical and health, agricultural research, and environmental protection. For powder drying, baking and disinfection and sterilization of various glass containers. It is especially suitable for fast and efficient drying of heat sensitive, easily decomposable, oxidizable substances and complex ingredients.

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High-voltage Resistant Electrolyte

Although high-voltage lithium battery materials are getting more and more attention, these high-voltage anode materials are still unable to achieve good results in practical production and application. The biggest limiting factor is that the electrochemical stability window of the carbonate-based electrolyte is low. When the battery voltage reaches about 4.5(vs.Li/Li+), the electrolyte begins to produce violent oxidation decomposition, causing the lithium-intercalation and lithium-deintercalation for the battery not working properly. The development of electrolytic liquid systems that can withstand high voltage is an important step to promote the application of this new material.


The development and application of new high voltage electrolyte systems or high voltage film forming additives to improve the stability of electrode/electrolyte interface is an effective way to develop high voltage electrolyte. Economically, the latter is often preferred. Such additives to improve the voltage tolerance of electrolyte generally include boron, organic phosphorus, carbonates, sulfur, ionic liquids and other types of additives. Boron additives include trimethylalkanes borase, lithium borate dioxalate, lithium borate difluoroxalate, tetramethylborate, trimethyl borate and trimethylcyclotriboroxane. Organic phosphorus additives include phosphite esters, phosphite esters. Carbonate additives include fluorinated anhydryl compounds. Sulfur-containing additives include propionic acid lactone, dimethyl sulfonyl methane, trifluoromethyl phenyl sulfide, etc. Ionic liquid additives include imidazole and quaternary phosphate salts.


According to the domestic and foreign studies that have been published, the introduction of high-voltage additives can make the electrolyte withstand the voltage of 4.4-4.5v. However, when the charging voltage reaches 4.8v or even more than 5V, it is necessary to develop the electrolyte that can withstand higher voltage.


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battery Separator

The battery separator plays a major role in lithium ion battery conduction lithium ions and isolation between the positive and negative electrode electronic contact. It is an important component to support the battery to complete the electrochemical process of charge and discharge.


In the use of lithium batteries, when the battery overcharge or at higher temperatures, the separator need to have enough thermal stability (thermal deformation temperature > 200 ℃), to effectively isolate the battery positive and negative electrode contact, prevent short circuit, such as thermal runaway and even explosion accidents. Currently widely used polyolefin Separator, its melting point and low softening temperature (< 165 ℃), it is difficult to effectively guarantee the safety of the battery, and its low porosity and low surface energy, limiting the battery performance ratio. Therefore, it is very important to develop high safety high temperature Separator.


Xiamen TOB technology research department has developed a new type of high temperature resistant porous membrane by adopting the wet process primary molding technology, which is low-cost to prepare and easy to quantify production. Preliminary study results show that thermal deformation temperature of the Separator is much higher than 200 ℃, and the thermal stability of the commercialization of non-woven Separator, can effectively guarantee the battery safety.


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The lithium-rich manganese-based (xLi[Li1/3-Mn2/3]O2; (1–x) LiMO2, M is a transition metal 0≤x≤1, and the structure is similar to LiCoO2) has a high discharge specific capacity. It is about twice the actual capacity of the cathode material currently used, and is therefore widely studied for lithium battery materials. In addition, since the material contains a large amount of Mn element, it is more environmentally safe and cheaper than LiCoO2 and the ternary material Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2. Therefore, xLi[Li1/3-Mn2/3]O2; (1–x) LiMO2 material is considered by many scholars as the ideal material for the next generation of lithium ion battery cathode materials.

At present, the co-precipitation method is mainly used to prepare lithium-rich manganese-based materials, and some researchers use sol-gel method, solid phase method, combustion method, hydrothermal method and other processes to prepare, but the obtained material properties are not as stable as the co-precipitation method.

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Many machining companies know that there are many solutions in the application of machine tool loading and unloading. Among them, the application of articulated robots and truss type loading and unloading robots can be realized. So what are the differences between the two in the application? How to judge? How to make a simple comparative analysis of truss type robots and joint industrial robots from four aspects: application layout, man-machine management, efficiency, and cost?
1. Layout aspect
The truss manipulator is generally erected above the machine tool with a single track and a small footprint. Joint robots generally adopt a pair of 2 or 1 pair 3 (“品” shape layout). To ensure safety, the entire processing unit should be protected in an all-round way, while the upside down walking robot is too expensive, and the system has low complexity and low input. For practical applications, we will not focus on the discussion.
2. Human-machine collaboration
Since the workers of truss manipulator production line can monitor the processing process, sampling is convenient and the problems can be eliminated quickly with a good human-machine cooperation.

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