Recently, the University of Maryland, the National Laboratory of the Department of Energy and the US military researchers have developed a new type of cathode nanomaterial lithium battery, which has three times the energy density of existing commercial lithium batteries. The research results were published in Natural Communication. "Journal.
With the increasing use of lithium batteries, the demand for high energy density batteries is also growing. However, in a conventional commercial lithium battery, the anode material is usually a good conductive material such as graphite, but the capacity of the cathode material is very limited. Fan Xiulin, a researcher at the University of Maryland, one of the main authors of the paper, said, "Cathode materials are the bottleneck in lithium battery research. It is very difficult to improve battery energy density based on this."
To solve this problem, researchers from various institutions in the United States have synthesized an engineered iron trifluoride (FeF3) that has higher energy density and is environmentally friendly.
In fact, iron trifluoride materials have not been used as cathode materials for lithium batteries. When an electrode reaction occurs, iron trifluoride obtains electrons derived from lithium and is converted into iron and lithium fluoride. Since this compound has a certain hysteresis effect, the rate is low in the electrode reaction, and its reaction by-products also hinder the electrode reaction from proceeding. In addition, this reaction is not completely reversible, which means that the number of cycles of the iron trifluoride electrode reaction is very limited, and the economic performance of the battery is greatly reduced.
In response to these problems, the researchers discovered the mechanism of this electrode reaction from a microscopic level through a large number of experimental studies. Using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the researchers determined the true size of the cathode nanomaterial and observed structural changes during its charge and discharge. Since then, the researchers used X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) technology to observe the crystal structure in the nanorods, and found that adding other atoms can effectively increase the reaction rate. Therefore, the research team used a chemical substitution method to add cobalt atoms and oxygen atoms to the iron trifluoride nanorods, which changed the reaction mechanism, which made the electrode reaction of iron trifluoride reversible and greatly increased the battery life.
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